The Aztecs, who inhabited present-day Mexico from the 14th to the 16th centuries, were a civilization known for their remarkable city planning, complex social structure, and unique cultural contributions. Their capital, Tenochtitlán, was a marvel of urban design with a grid-like layout, canal systems, and monumental architecture. The Aztecs had a hierarchical society, ruled by an emperor with a clearly defined political and religious system. Culturally, they excelled in various art forms and developed a unique hieroglyphic writing system. Their two elaborate calendar systems reflect their advanced astronomical knowledge. The Sun Stone or the Aztec Calendar, a massive carved circular stone, stands as a testimony to their sophisticated understanding of time and cosmology. However, the Aztec civilization came to an abrupt end in the 16th century due to the Spanish conquest. Internal weaknesses, such as over-reliance on warfare and human sacrifice, combined with diseases brought by the Spaniards, led to their downfall. The Aztecs' story is a remarkable tale of human ingenuity, cultural richness, and an unfortunate end, offering valuable lessons for future generations.